Mobile

Mobile Patterns

Designing for touch and context

Key Insight

Mobile design must account for thumb reachability, variable context, and touch precision—placing primary actions in easy-reach zones and providing visible alternatives to gesture-based interactions.

Key Points

  • Thumb zones: the bottom-center of the screen is the easiest area to reach; top corners and edges are hardest—place primary actions accordingly
  • Avoid placing small or critical targets near screen edges where grip interference causes mis-taps
  • Tab bars (iOS) and bottom navigation (Android) should contain 3–5 items with both icon and text label for maximum clarity
  • Hamburger menus hide navigation and reduce feature discoverability by up to 50%—use only for secondary or infrequent items
  • Gestures (swipe, pinch, long-press) add efficiency but must always have visible button alternatives for discoverability and accessibility
  • Pull-to-refresh and long-press for secondary actions are platform conventions users expect—leverage them but don't make them the only path

Guidelines

  • Place primary action buttons in the bottom third of the screen within natural thumb reach
  • Use at minimum 44×44px touch targets with at least 8px spacing between adjacent targets
  • Provide visual affordances for swipe actions (edge peek, subtle animation hints) so users discover them
  • Design for one-handed use as the default; two-handed interactions should be optional enhancements
  • Account for context: mobile users are often distracted, in motion, or in bright sunlight—prioritize clarity
  • Test on real devices held naturally, not just in desktop browser dev tools

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